以Demo类中的main方法为例,讲解字节码在虚拟机运行的过程
public class Demo{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a=10;
int b=Short.MAX_VALUE+1;
int c=a+b;
System.out.println(c);
}
}
通过javap反编译后的代码
eric@wuhaodeMacBook-Pro ~/Desktop/jvM javap -v Demo
Classfile /Users/eric/Desktop/JVM/Demo.class
Last modified Nov 11, 2019; size 426 bytes
MD5 checksum 958b915048427f4b5d8ae3c770331963
Compiled from "Demo.java"
public class Demo
minor version: 0
major version: 54
flags: (0x0021) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
this_class: #6 // Demo
super_class: #7 // java/lang/Object
interfaces: 0, fields: 0, methods: 2, attributes: 1
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #7.#16 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Class #17 // java/lang/Short
#3 = Integer 32768
#4 = Fieldref #18.#19 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#5 = Methodref #20.#21 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
#6 = Class #22 // Demo
#7 = Class #23 // java/lang/Object
#8 = Utf8 <init>
#9 = Utf8 ()V
#10 = Utf8 Code
#11 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#12 = Utf8 main
#13 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
#14 = Utf8 SourceFile
#15 = Utf8 Demo.java
#16 = NameAndType #8:#9 // "<init>":()V
#17 = Utf8 java/lang/Short
#18 = Class #24 // java/lang/System
#19 = NameAndType #25:#26 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#20 = Class #27 // java/io/PrintStream
#21 = NameAndType #28:#29 // println:(I)V
#22 = Utf8 Demo
#23 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#24 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#25 = Utf8 out
#26 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#27 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#28 = Utf8 println
#29 = Utf8 (I)V
{
public Demo();
descriptor: ()V
flags: (0x0001) ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 1: 0
public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
flags: (0x0009) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=2, locals=4, args_size=1
0: bipush 10
2: istore_1
3: ldc #3 // int 32768
5: istore_2
6: iload_1
7: iload_2
8: iadd
9: istore_3
10: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
13: iload_3
14: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
17: return
LineNumberTable:
line 3: 0
line 4: 3
line 5: 6
line 6: 10
line 7: 17
}
SourceFile: "Demo.java"
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字节码文件经过类加载器加载到内存中,其中将字节码文件中的常量池加载到运行时常量池,将方法表的内容加载到方法区(运行时常量池在jdk1.8之前其实也属于方法区,这里只是为了表述方便,将其拆开为两部分),根据字节码文件中方法表中的内容(
stack=2, locals=4, args_size=1
),分配四个Slot给局部变量(32位数据占1Slot,64位数据占2Slot),操作数栈的最大深度为2 -
Bipush 10 将常量10推入操作数栈
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istore_1 将操作数栈栈顶元素弹出存入局部变量表1的位置
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Ldc #3 将运行时常量表中的32768存入操作数栈中(比较小的数字随字节码指令存放在一起,一旦数字的范围超过Short整数的最大值,则会存放在常量池中)
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istore_2 将操作栈栈顶元素弹出,保存在局部变量表2的位置
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iload_1 iload_2这两个指令将局部变量1、2再次加载到了操作数栈中
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iadd将栈中元素相加,并将结果置于栈顶
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istore_3
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getstatic #4 该指令获取类变量的一个引用,System.out这个类变量存放在堆内存中,于是将System.out的引用存放于操作数栈中
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iload3 将局部变量3加载到操作数栈中
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invokevirtual #5 调用运行时常量池中5所引用的方法,定位到方法区,然后由方法区生成新的栈帧,传递参数,执行新栈帧中的字节码。执行完毕后,将println的栈帧弹出,清楚main操作栈中的内容
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Return 完成主方法,main的栈帧也弹出